What class of drugs typically requires a prescription due to their potential for abuse and side effects?

The correct answer highlights that Schedule II, III, and IV controlled substances require a prescription primarily due to their potential for abuse and associated side effects. Each class of controlled substances is categorized based on their potential for misuse and the medical utility they provide.

Schedule II drugs, such as opioids and certain stimulants, are recognized for having a high potential for abuse, which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. These medications are strictly regulated, requiring a written prescription that cannot be refilled.

Schedule III drugs include substances with a lower potential for abuse than those classified as Schedule II, such as anabolic steroids and certain medications containing codeine. They can still lead to physical or psychological dependence, thus necessitating a prescription.

Schedule IV drugs have an even lower potential for abuse, featuring medications like benzodiazepines. These also require a prescription, but they can be refilled up to five times within six months, reflecting a moderate level of control compared to Schedule II and III substances.

In contrast, over-the-counter medications and non-controlled substances are typically available for purchase without a prescription, as they are considered safe for consumer use with minimal risk of abuse. Therefore, the requirement of a prescription for Schedule II, III, and IV controlled substances underscores their potential