Which agency is responsible for enforcing the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA)?

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is the agency tasked with enforcing the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). This act regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances, categorizing drugs into schedules based on their potential for abuse, medical utility, and safety. The DEA's responsibilities include investigating and coordinating actions against illegal drug production and trafficking, as well as overseeing the lawful use of controlled substances through regulatory measures, licensing, and inspections.

While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a role in the regulation of pharmaceutical drugs and ensures their safety and efficacy, it does not have the primary responsibility for enforcing the CSA. The Department of Health and Human Services oversees health-related matters and has agencies under it, including the FDA and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. However, enforcement actions against controlled substances specifically fall to the DEA. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, while focused on research and education regarding substance abuse, does not engage in enforcement activities.